A Re‐examination of Traditional Hypotheses about the Term Structure of Interest Rates
Pages: 769-799 | Published: 9/1981 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1981.tb04884.x | Cited by: 230
JOHN C. COX, JONATHAN E. INGERSOLL, STEPHEN A. ROSS
The term structure of interest rates is an important subject to economists, and has a long history of traditions. This paper re‐examines many of these traditional hypotheses while employing recent advances in the theory of valuation and contingent claims. We show how the Expectations Hypothesis and the Preferred Habitat Theory must be reformulated if they are to obtain in a continuous‐time, rational‐expectations equilibrium. We also modify the linear adaptive interest rate forecasting models, which are common to the macroeconomic literature, so that they will be consistent in the same framework.
Pension Funding, Share Prices, and National Savings
Pages: 801-824 | Published: 9/1981 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1981.tb04885.x | Cited by: 75
MARTIN FELDSTEIN, STEPHANIE SELIGMAN
This paper examines empirically the effect of unfunded pension obligations on corporate share prices and discusses the implications of these estimates for national saving, the decline of the stock market in recent years, and the rationality of corporate financial behavior. The analysis uses the information on inflation‐adjusted income and assets which large firms were required to provide for 1976 and subsequent years.
A Theoretical Framework for Evaluating the Impact of Universal Reserve Requirements
Pages: 825-840 | Published: 9/1981 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1981.tb04886.x | Cited by: 0
CASE M. SPRENKLE, BRYAN E. STANHOUSE
Effects of the 1970 Bank Holding Company Act: Evidence from Capital Markets
Pages: 841-853 | Published: 9/1981 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1981.tb04887.x | Cited by: 20
JOSEPH AHARONY, ITZHAK SWARY
This study measures the effects of the 1970 amendment to the Bank Holding Company (BHC) Act on the profitability and risk of BHCs using capital market data. Differences in abnormal returns and risk among three portfolios of bank shares which differ in their regulatory status are examined in various periods preceding and following the enactment. No significant differences in performance and no change in the relative risk of any pair of portfolios were observed. Thus, the null hypothesis that the nonbank expansion provisions of the 1970 amendment had no effect on BHCs' risk and profitability cannot be rejected.
Merger Announcements and Insider Trading Activity: An Empirical Investigation
Pages: 855-869 | Published: 9/1981 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1981.tb04888.x | Cited by: 237
ARTHUR J. KEOWN, JOHN M. PINKERTON
This paper provides evidence of excess returns earned by investors in acquired firms prior to the first public announcement of planned mergers. The study is distinguished from earlier merger studies in its use of daily holding period returns for the 194 firms sampled. The results confirm statistically what most traders already know. Impending merger announcements are poorly held secrets, and trading on this nonpublic information abounds. Specifically, leakage of inside information is a pervasive problem occurring at a significant level up to 12 trading days prior to the first public announcement of a proposed merger.
Portfolio Analysis with Factors and Scenarios
Pages: 871-877 | Published: 9/1981 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1981.tb04889.x | Cited by: 55
HARRY M. MARKOWITZ, ANDRÉF. PEROLD
Recently there has been a growing interest in the scenario model of covariance as an alternative to the one‐factor or many‐factor models. We show how the covariance matrix resulting from the scenario model can easily be made diagonal by adding new variables linearly related to the amounts invested; note the meanings of these new variables; note how portfolio variance divides itself into “within scenario” and “between scenario” variances; and extend the results to models in which scenarios and factors both appear where factor distributions and effects may or may not be scenario sensitive.
A Possible Explanation of the Small Firm Effect
Pages: 879-888 | Published: 9/1981 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1981.tb04890.x | Cited by: 212
RICHARD ROLL
Recent empirical studies have found that small listed firms yield higher average returns than large firms even when their riskiness is equal. The riskiness of small firms, however, has been improperly measured. Apparently, the error is due to auto‐correlation in portfolio returns caused by infrequent trading. Other anomalous predictors of riskadjusted returns, such as price/earnings ratios and dividend yields, may also derive some of their apparent power from this spurious source.
Performance Hypothesis Testing with the Sharpe and Treynor Measures
Pages: 889-908 | Published: 9/1981 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1981.tb04891.x | Cited by: 494
J. D. JOBSON, BOB M. KORKIE
Optimal Regulation Under Uncertainty
Pages: 909-921 | Published: 9/1981 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1981.tb04892.x | Cited by: 18
WILLIAM J. MARSHALL, JESS B. YAWITZ, EDWARD GREENBERG
This paper is concerned with the problem of price regulation when demand is uncertain. Uncertainty gives rise to substantial difficulties in determining both the return a firm's owners should be provided and a set of prices capable of producing that return. We argue that conventional approaches to price regulation are incapable of attaining the economically desirable objectives of efficiency and an equitable return to investors. The deficiencies in current practices are attributable to the separation of the risk measurement‐return determination and price setting activities in the conventional approach. We present a model of the regulated firm that synthesizes contemporary financial market theory and the theory of the firm under uncertainty.1 In our approach, the income stream produced by the firm is valued ex ante in the financial market according to investors' perceptions and preferences over riskreturn characteristics. We portray the firm as producing risk and return by choosing among available production technologies to maximize its market value, given the prices set by regulators. Within this framework, it is shown that regulators can choose the lowest prices consistent with an equitable return to investors. We also show that prices so chosen induce the choice of the optimal technology by the firm.
On the Effects of Barriers to International Investment
Pages: 923-934 | Published: 9/1981 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1981.tb04893.x | Cited by: 314
RENÉ M. STULZ
A simple model is presented in which it is costly for domestic investors to hold foreign assets. The implications of the model for the composition of optimal portfolios at home and abroad are derived. It is shown that all foreign assets with a beta larger than some beta β* plot on either one of two security market lines. Some foreign assets with a beta smaller than β* are not held by domestic investors even if their expected return is increased slightly.
Reserve Requirements and the Structure of the CD Market: A Note*
Pages: 935-940 | Published: 9/1981 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1981.tb04894.x | Cited by: 0
THOMAS A. LAWLER
Risk Decomposition and Portfolio Diversification When Beta is Nonstationary: A Note
Pages: 941-947 | Published: 9/1981 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1981.tb04895.x | Cited by: 26
SON‐NAN CHEN, ARTHUR J. KEOWN
Reinsurance under Conditions of Capital Market Equilibrium: A Note*
Pages: 949-953 | Published: 9/1981 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1981.tb04896.x | Cited by: 29
N. A. DOHERTY, S. M. TINIC
“Fisher, Phillips, Friedman and the Measured Impact of Inflation on Interest”: A Comment
Pages: 955-962 | Published: 9/1981 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1981.tb04897.x | Cited by: 2
HERBERT TAYLOR
Fisher, Phillips, Friedman and the Measured Impact of Inflation on Interest: A Reply
Pages: 963-969 | Published: 9/1981 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1981.tb04898.x | Cited by: 1
MAURICE D. LEVI, JOHN H. MAKIN
FHLB Advances and the Cost and Availability of Funds to S&Ls: A Comment
Pages: 971-974 | Published: 9/1981 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1981.tb04899.x | Cited by: 0
BRIAN A. MARIS
Pages: 975-985 | Published: 9/1981 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1981.tb04900.x | Cited by: 0
Book reviewed in this article:
Pages: 987-987 | Published: 9/1981 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1981.tb04901.x | Cited by: 0
PRELIMINARY PROGRAM FORTIETH ANNUAL MEETING AMERICAN FINANCE ASSOCIATION
Pages: 989-995 | Published: 9/1981 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1981.tb04902.x | Cited by: 0