Optimal Investment, Growth Options, and Security Returns
Pages: 1553-1607 | Published: 10/1999 | DOI: 10.1111/0022-1082.00161 | Cited by: 1053
Jonathan B. Berk, Richard C. Green, Vasant Naik
As a consequence of optimal investment choices, a firm's assets and growth options change in predictable ways. Using a dynamic model, we show that this imparts predictability to changes in a firm's systematic risk, and its expected return. Simulations show that the model simultaneously reproduces: (i) the time‐series relation between the book‐to‐market ratio and asset returns; (ii) the cross‐sectional relation between book‐to‐market, market value, and return; (iii) contrarian effects at short horizons; (iv) momentum effects at longer horizons; and (v) the inverse relation between interest rates and the market risk premium.
Estimating Portfolio and Consumption Choice: A Conditional Euler Equations Approach
Pages: 1609-1645 | Published: 10/1999 | DOI: 10.1111/0022-1082.00162 | Cited by: 278
Michael W. Brandt
This paper develops a nonparametric approach to examine how portfolio and consumption choice depends on variables that forecast time‐varying investment opportunities. I estimate single‐period and multiperiod portfolio and consumption rules of an investor with constant relative risk aversion and a one‐month to 20‐year horizon. The investor allocates wealth to the NYSE index and a 30‐day Treasury bill. I find that the portfolio choice varies significantly with the dividend yield, default premium, term premium, and lagged excess return. Furthermore, the optimal decisions depend on the investor's horizon and rebalancing frequency.
Data‐Snooping, Technical Trading Rule Performance, and the Bootstrap
Pages: 1647-1691 | Published: 10/1999 | DOI: 10.1111/0022-1082.00163 | Cited by: 670
Ryan Sullivan, Allan Timmermann, Halbert White
In this paper we utilize White's Reality Check bootstrap methodology (White (1999)) to evaluate simple technical trading rules while quantifying the data‐snooping bias and fully adjusting for its effect in the context of the full universe from which the trading rules were drawn. Hence, for the first time, the paper presents a comprehensive test of performance across all technical trading rules examined. We consider the study of Brock, Lakonishok, and LeBaron (1992), expand their universe of 26 trading rules, apply the rules to 100 years of daily data on the Dow Jones Industrial Average, and determine the effects of data‐snooping.
What is the Intrinsic Value of the Dow?
Pages: 1693-1741 | Published: 10/1999 | DOI: 10.1111/0022-1082.00164 | Cited by: 458
Charles M. C. Lee, James Myers, Bhaskaran Swaminathan
We model the time‐series relation between price and intrinsic value as a cointegrated system, so that price and value are long‐term convergent. In this framework, we compare the performance of alternative estimates of intrinsic value for the Dow 30 stocks. During 1963–1996, traditional market multiples (e.g., B/P, E/P, and D/P ratios) have little predictive power. However, a V/P ratio, where V is based on a residual income valuation model, has statistically reliable predictive power. Further analysis shows time‐varying interest rates and analyst forecasts are important to the success of V. Alternative forecast horizons and risk premia are less important.
Performance Evaluation with Transactions Data: The Stock Selection of Investment Newsletters
Pages: 1743-1775 | Published: 10/1999 | DOI: 10.1111/0022-1082.00165 | Cited by: 62
Andrew Metrick
This paper analyzes the equity‐portfolio recommendations made by investment newsletters. Overall, there is no significant evidence of superior stock‐picking ability for this sample of 153 newsletters. Moreover, there is no evidence of abnormal short‐run performance persistence (“hot hands”). The comprehensive and bias‐free transactions database also allows for insights into the precision of performance evaluation. Using a measure of precision defined in the paper, a transactions‐based approach yields a median improvement of 10 percent over a corresponding factor model. This compares favorably with the precision gained by adding factors to the CAPM.
Inefficiency in Analysts' Earnings Forecasts: Systematic Misreaction or Systematic Optimism?
Pages: 1777-1797 | Published: 10/1999 | DOI: 10.1111/0022-1082.00166 | Cited by: 495
John C. Easterwood, Stacey R. Nutt
A rational analysis of analyst behavior predicts that analysts immediately and without bias incorporate information into their forecasts. Several studies document analysts' tendency to systematically underreact to information. Underreaction is inconsistent with rationality. Other studies indicate that analysts systematically overreact to new information or that they are systematically optimistic. This study discriminates between these three hypotheses by examining the interaction between the nature of information and the type of reaction by analysts. The evidence indicates that analysts underreact to negative information, but overreact to positive information. These results are consistent with systematic optimism in response to information.
Preferencing, Internalization, Best Execution, and Dealer Profits
Pages: 1799-1828 | Published: 10/1999 | DOI: 10.1111/0022-1082.00167 | Cited by: 95
Oliver Hansch, Narayan Y. Naik, S. Viswanathan
The practices of preferencing and internalization have been alleged to support collusion, cause worse execution, and lead to wider spreads in dealership style markets relative to auction style markets. For a sample of London Stock Exchange stocks, we find that preferenced trades pay higher spreads, however they do not generate higher dealer profits. Internalized trades pay lower, not higher, spreads. We do not find a relation between the extent of preferencing or internalization and spreads across stocks. These results do not lend support to the “collusion” hypothesis but are consistent with a “costly search and trading relationships” hypothesis.
CEO Involvement in the Selection of New Board Members: An Empirical Analysis
Pages: 1829-1853 | Published: 10/1999 | DOI: 10.1111/0022-1082.00168 | Cited by: 915
Anil Shivdasani, David Yermack
We study whether CEO involvement in the selection of new directors influences the nature of appointments to the board. When the CEO serves on the nominating committee or no nominating committee exists, firms appoint fewer independent outside directors and more gray outsiders with conflicts of interest. Stock price reactions to independent director appointments are significantly lower when the CEO is involved in director selection. Our evidence may illuminate a mechanism used by CEOs to reduce pressure from active monitoring, and we find a recent trend of companies removing CEOs from involvement in director selection.
The Equity Performance of Firms Emerging from Bankruptcy
Pages: 1855-1868 | Published: 10/1999 | DOI: 10.1111/0022-1082.00169 | Cited by: 78
Allan C. Eberhart, Edward I. Altman, Reena Aggarwal
This study assesses the stock return performance of 131 firms emerging from Chapter 11. Using differing estimates of expected returns, we consistently find evidence of large, positive excess returns in 200 days of returns following emergence. We also examine the reaction of our sample firms' equity returns to their earnings announcements after emergence from Chapter 11. The positive and significant reactions suggest that our results are driven by the market's expectational errors, not mismeasurement of risk. The results provide an interesting contrast, but not a contradiction, to previous work that has documented poor operating performance for firms emerging from Chapter 11.
The Slope of the Credit Yield Curve for Speculative‐Grade Issuers
Pages: 1869-1884 | Published: 10/1999 | DOI: 10.1111/0022-1082.00170 | Cited by: 223
Jean Helwege, Christopher M. Turner
Many theoretical bond pricing models predict that the credit yield curve facing risky bond issuers is downward‐sloping. Previous empirical research (Sarig and Warga (1989), Fons (1994)) supports these models. Our study examines sets of bonds issued by the same firm with equal priority in the liability structure, but with different maturities, thus holding credit quality constant. We find, counter to prior research, that risky bonds typically have upward‐sloping credit yield curves. Moreover, when we combine our matched sets of bonds (no longer controlling credit quality), the estimated slope is negative, indicating a sample selection bias problem associated with maturity.
Liquidity Provision and Noise Trading: Evidence from the “Investment Dartboard” Column
Pages: 1885-1899 | Published: 10/1999 | DOI: 10.1111/0022-1082.00171 | Cited by: 60
Jason Greene, Scott Smart
How does increased noise trading affect market liquidity and trading costs? We use The Wall Street Journal's “Investment Dartboard” column, which stimulates noise trading, as a natural experiment to evaluate models of the bid‐ask spread. We find that substantial increases in trading volume and significant but temporary abnormal returns occur when analysts recommend stocks in this column, especially when recommendations come from analysts with successful contest track records. We also find an increase in liquidity and a decrease in the adverse selection component of the bid‐ask spread.
Price Formation and Liquidity in the U.S. Treasury Market: The Response to Public Information
Pages: 1901-1915 | Published: 10/1999 | DOI: 10.1111/0022-1082.00172 | Cited by: 522
Michael J. Fleming, Eli M. Remolona
The arrival of public information in the U.S. Treasury market sets off a two‐stage adjustment process for prices, trading volume, and bid‐ask spreads. In a brief first stage, the release of a major macroeconomic announcement induces a sharp and nearly instantaneous price change with a reduction in trading volume, demonstrating that price reactions to public information do not require trading. The spread widens dramatically at announcement, evidently driven by inventory control concerns. In a prolonged second stage, trading volume surges, price volatility persists, and spreads remain moderately wide as investors trade to reconcile residual differences in their private views.
Pages: 1917-1927 | Published: 10/1999 | DOI: 10.1111/1540-6261.00173 | Cited by: 0
Books reviewed:
Pages: 1917-1927 | Published: 10/1999 | DOI: 10.1111/1540-6261.t01-1-00173 | Cited by: 0
Pages: 1929-1929 | Published: 10/1999 | DOI: 10.1111/0022-1082.00174 | Cited by: 0
René M. Stulz
Pages: 1937-1938 | Published: 10/1999 | DOI: 10.1111/1540-6261.00177 | Cited by: 0