The Journal of Finance

The Journal of Finance publishes leading research across all the major fields of finance. It is one of the most widely cited journals in academic finance, and in all of economics. Each of the six issues per year reaches over 8,000 academics, finance professionals, libraries, and government and financial institutions around the world. The journal is the official publication of The American Finance Association, the premier academic organization devoted to the study and promotion of knowledge about financial economics.

AFA members can log in to view full-text articles below.

View past issues


Search the Journal of Finance:






Search results: 50.

Loan Sales and the Cost of Bank Capital

Published: 6/1988,  Volume: 43,  Issue: 2  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1988.tb03945.x  |  Cited by: 346

GEORGE G. PENNACCHI

This paper considers a model where banks may improve the returns on loans by monitoring borrowers. Bank regulation, together with competitive deposit and equity financing, can give banks an incentive to sell loans, but the extent of their loan selling is limited by a moral‐hazard problem. A solution is given for the optimal design of the bank‐loan buyer contract that alleviates this moral‐hazard problem. An explanation is also given as to why some banks might buy loans and why loan sales volume has recently increased.


Financial Intermediaries and Liquidity Creation

Published: 3/1990,  Volume: 45,  Issue: 1  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1990.tb05080.x  |  Cited by: 667

GARY GORTON, GEORGE PENNACCHI

Trading losses associated with information asymmetries can be mitigated by designing securities which split the cash flows of underlying assets. These securities, which can arise endogenously, have values that do not depend on the information known only to informed agents. Bank debt (deposits) is an example of this type of liquid security which protect relatively uninformed agents, and we provide a rationale for deposit insurance in this content. High‐grade corporate debt and government bonds are other examples, implying that a money market mutual fund‐based payments system may be an alternative to one based on insured bank deposits.


On Equilibrium When Contingent Capital Has a Market Trigger: A Correction to Sundaresan and Wang Journal of Finance (2015)

Published: 3/8/2019,  Volume: 74,  Issue: 3  |  DOI: 10.1111/jofi.12762  |  Cited by: 25

GEORGE PENNACCHI, ALEXEI TCHISTYI

This paper identifies an error in Sundaresan and Wang (2015, hereafter SW) that invalidates its Theorem 1. The paper develops a model of contingent capital (CC) with a stock price trigger that is consistent with SW's framework and yields closed‐form solutions for stock and CC prices. Yet, the model shows that unique stock price equilibria exist for a broader range of CC contractual terms than those required by SW. Specifically, when conversion terms benefit CC investors and penalize shareholders, a unique equilibrium can exist rather than the multiple equilibria stated in SW.


Bank Deposit Rate Clustering: Theory and Empirical Evidence

Published: 12/1999,  Volume: 54,  Issue: 6  |  DOI: 10.1111/0022-1082.00185  |  Cited by: 95

Charles Kahn, George Pennacchi, Ben Sopranzetti

Like security prices, retail deposit interest rates cluster around integers and “even” fractions. However, explanations for security price clustering are incompatible with deposit rate clustering. A theory based on the limited recall of retail depositors is proposed. It predicts that banks tend to set rates at integers and that rates are “sticky” at these levels. The propensity for integer rates increases with the level of wholesale interest rates and deposit market concentration. When banks set noninteger rates, rates are more likely to be just above, rather than just below, integers. The paper finds substantial empirical support for the theory's implications.


Corporate Taxes and Securitization

Published: 5/11/2015,  Volume: 70,  Issue: 3  |  DOI: 10.1111/jofi.12157  |  Cited by: 73

JOONGHO HAN, KWANGWOO PARK, GEORGE PENNACCHI

Most banks pay corporate income taxes, but securitization vehicles do not. Our model shows that, when a bank faces strong loan demand but limited deposit market power, this tax asymmetry creates an incentive to sell loans despite less‐efficient screening and monitoring of sold loans. Moreover, loan‐selling increases as a bank's corporate income tax rate and capital requirement rise. Our empirical tests show that U.S. commercial banks sell more of their mortgages when they operate in states that impose higher corporate income taxes. A policy implication is that tax‐induced loan‐selling will rise if banks’ required equity capital increases.


PROJECTING MARKET STRUCTURE BY MONTE CARLO SIMULATION: A STUDY OF BANK EXPANSION IN NEW JERSEY

Published: 12/1972,  Volume: 27,  Issue: 5  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1972.tb03027.x  |  Cited by: 0

George R. Juncker, George S. Oldfield


DISCUSSION

Published: 7/1985,  Volume: 40,  Issue: 3  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1985.tb04997.x  |  Cited by: 0

GEORGE TAUCHEN


VALUATION PARAMETERS OF PROPERTY‐LIABILITY COMPANIES

Published: 6/1977,  Volume: 32,  Issue: 3  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1977.tb01991.x  |  Cited by: 12

George Foster


TIGHT MONEY, MONETARY RESTRAINT, AND THE PRICE LEVEL*

Published: 3/1966,  Volume: 21,  Issue: 1  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1966.tb02952.x  |  Cited by: 2

George Horwich


Externalities and Financial Reporting

Published: 5/1980,  Volume: 35,  Issue: 2  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1980.tb02183.x  |  Cited by: 47

GEORGE FOSTER


Output, Stock Volatility, and Political Uncertainty in a Natural Experiment: Germany, 1880–1940

Published: 12/1998,  Volume: 53,  Issue: 6  |  DOI: 10.1111/0022-1082.00090  |  Cited by: 208

George Bittlingmayer

Why does stock volatility increase when output declines? The theory of investment under uncertainty implies that political uncertainty may simultaneously increase volatility and reduce output. Though cause and effect are typically hard to separate, the transition from Imperial to Weimar Germany offers a natural experiment because major political events left clear traces on stock prices. Current and past increases in volatility are associated with output declines, consistent with U.S. experience. However, political events are more clearly the source of volatility, and the results support the view that the relationship between volatility and output reflects the joint effects of political factors.


ELEMENTS OF TIMING AND RESPONSE IN THE BALANCE SHEET OF BANKING, 1953–55*

Published: 5/1957,  Volume: 12,  Issue: 2  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1957.tb04133.x  |  Cited by: 0

George Horwich


OPEN MARKET OPERATIONS, THE RATE OF INTEREST, AND THE PRICE LEVEL: AN ESSAY IN THE PURE THEORY OF INTEREST AND MONEY*

Published: 12/1955,  Volume: 10,  Issue: 4  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1955.tb01302.x  |  Cited by: 0

George Horwich


THE LONG‐RUN EFFECTS UPON THE UNITED STATES OF THE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE FAR EAST*

Published: 12/1952,  Volume: 7,  Issue: 4  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1952.tb02488.x  |  Cited by: 0

George Rosen


Deposit Insurance and the Discount Window: Pricing under Asymmetric Information

Published: 6/1986,  Volume: 41,  Issue: 2  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1986.tb05047.x  |  Cited by: 19

GEORGE KANATAS

The risk‐sensitive pricing of deposit insurance and the discount window is determined in an environment where banks have private information concerning their financial conditions. The two facilities are managed jointly; an incentive‐compatible policy is designed such that banks' choice of terms at which they can obtain insurance and access to discount window credit will reveal their asset quality. The function of the discount window is to be a risk‐neutral “lender of last resort” to banks in a market dominated by risk‐averse depositors.


TIGHT MONEY AS A CAUSE OF INFLATION: REPLY

Published: 3/1971,  Volume: 26,  Issue: 1  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1971.tb00600.x  |  Cited by: 1

George Horwich


Stock Returns, Real Activity, and the Trust Question

Published: 12/1992,  Volume: 47,  Issue: 5  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1992.tb04680.x  |  Cited by: 24

GEORGE BITTLINGMAYER

Periodic antitrust attacks on corporations may have influenced stock prices. For the period 1904 to 1944, each antitrust case filed is associated with a 0.5 to 1.9 percent drop of the Dow, and each unexpected case with even larger drops. Other aspects of antitrust besides actual filings may help account for other movements, in particular the 1929 Crash. Historical evidence bears on the question of whether antitrust is exogenous and also links antitrust and the “corporation problem.” These results illustrate the sorts of real factors aside from changes in concurrent output that may account for stock price volatility.


INTRODUCTION

Published: 5/1965,  Volume: 20,  Issue: 2  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1965.tb00201.x  |  Cited by: 0

George Garvy


THE POSTWAR QUALITY OF MUNICIPAL BONDS*

Published: 9/1965,  Volume: 20,  Issue: 3  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1965.tb02919.x  |  Cited by: 0

George H. Hempel


THE COST OF BANKING OPERATIONS: A STATISTICAL STUDY*

Published: 3/1964,  Volume: 19,  Issue: 1  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1964.tb00751.x  |  Cited by: 1

George J. Benston


CAPITAL BUDGETING, CIRCA 1915*

Published: 9/1965,  Volume: 20,  Issue: 3  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1965.tb02910.x  |  Cited by: 0

George A. Wing


DISCUSSION

Published: 5/1974,  Volume: 29,  Issue: 2  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1974.tb03065.x  |  Cited by: 1

George C. Pinches


DIVIDEND REMITTANCE BEHAVIOR WITHIN THE INTERNATIONAL FIRM: A THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS*

Published: 9/1972,  Volume: 27,  Issue: 4  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1972.tb01332.x  |  Cited by: 0

George F. Kopits


DISCUSSION

Published: 5/1983,  Volume: 38,  Issue: 2  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1983.tb02248.x  |  Cited by: 0

GEORGE R. HALL


THE DYNAMICS OF CORPORATE DEBT MANAGEMENT*

Published: 12/1971,  Volume: 26,  Issue: 5  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1971.tb01764.x  |  Cited by: 0

George M. Frankfurter


Merton H. Miller

Published: 8/2001,  Volume: 56,  Issue: 4  |  DOI: 10.1111/0022-1082.00362  |  Cited by: 0

George M. Constantinides


SEASONAL MOVEMENTS IN THE FLOW OF FUNDS*

Published: 3/1965,  Volume: 20,  Issue: 1  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1965.tb00198.x  |  Cited by: 0

George J. Viksnins


“A MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL BOND RATINGS” AND THE ROLE OF SUBORDINATION: REPLY

Published: 3/1978,  Volume: 33,  Issue: 1  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1978.tb03412.x  |  Cited by: 5

George E. Pinches


MAJOR TRENDS IN THE MARKET FOR TAX‐EXEMPT SECURITIES*, 1

Published: 5/1954,  Volume: 9,  Issue: 2  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1954.tb01222.x  |  Cited by: 0

George E. Lent


DIRECT PLACEMENTS

Published: 6/1951,  Volume: 6,  Issue: 2  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1951.tb04448.x  |  Cited by: 0

George T. Conklin


RESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE FINANCE IN THE 1960'S*†

Published: 5/1960,  Volume: 15,  Issue: 2  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1960.tb00166.x  |  Cited by: 0

W. George Pinnell


FINANCING CORPORATE MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS WITH CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK*

Published: 12/1968,  Volume: 23,  Issue: 5  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1968.tb00334.x  |  Cited by: 0

George E. Pinches


Managerial Preference, Asymmetric Information, and Financial Structure

Published: 9/1987,  Volume: 42,  Issue: 4  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1987.tb03915.x  |  Cited by: 37

GEORGE W. BLAZENKO

If firm performance affects managers' wealth or reputation, preferences of managers dominate firms' financing decisions. When information about real asset investment is symmetric, managers finance exclusively with equity. If managers know more about asset quality than do investors and if managers are sufficiently risk averse, they signal high‐quality projects with debt. Increases in collateral value decrease risky debt use. Increases in interest rates that do not change productive opportunities increase debt use. The explanation for these and further results is based on underpricing of equity and overpricing of debt at the margin.


FEDERAL TAXING AND SPENDING IN VIRGINIA: A QUANTITATIVE STUDY

Published: 3/1951,  Volume: 6,  Issue: 1  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1951.tb04446.x  |  Cited by: 0

George W. McKinney


Rational Asset Prices

Published: 8/2002,  Volume: 57,  Issue: 4  |  DOI: 10.1111/1540-6261.00471  |  Cited by: 103

George M. Constantinides

The mean, covariability, and predictability of the return of different classes of financial assets challenge the rational economic model for an explanation. The unconditional mean aggregate equity premium is almost seven percent per year and remains high after adjusting downwards the sample mean premium by introducing prior beliefs about the stationarity of the price–dividend ratio and the (non)forecastability of the long‐term dividend growth and price—dividend ratio. Recognition that idiosyncratic income shocks are uninsurable and concentrated in recessions contributes toward an explanation. Also borrowing constraints over the investors' life cycle that shift the stock market risk to the saving middle‐aged consumers contribute toward an explanation.


FINANCING WITH CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK, 1960–1967: REPLY

Published: 3/1971,  Volume: 26,  Issue: 1  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1971.tb00598.x  |  Cited by: 0

George E. Pinches


GRADUATED INTEREST RATE CEILINGS AND OPERATING COSTS BY SIZE OF SMALL CONSUMER CASH LOANS

Published: 6/1977,  Volume: 32,  Issue: 3  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1977.tb01981.x  |  Cited by: 7

George J. Benston


A MICROECONOMIC APPROACH TO BANKING COMPETITION: COMMENT

Published: 6/1972,  Volume: 27,  Issue: 3  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1972.tb00997.x  |  Cited by: 3

George J. Benston


A STUDY OF THE BORROWING PATTERNS OF EIGHTEEN CLEVELAND‐TERRITORY, FOURTH FEDERAL RESERVE DISTRICT MEMBER BANKS OVER THE PERIOD, 1961–1965*

Published: 3/1970,  Volume: 25,  Issue: 1  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1970.tb00427.x  |  Cited by: 0

George Richard Dreese


ON THE DEDUCTIBILITY OF CAPITAL LOSSES UNDER THE INCOME TAX

Published: 5/1952,  Volume: 7,  Issue: 2  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1952.tb01532.x  |  Cited by: 0

George F. Break


INTEREST RATES VERSUS INTEREST CEILINGS IN THE ALLOCATION OF CREDIT FLOWS

Published: 5/1967,  Volume: 22,  Issue: 2  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1967.tb00012.x  |  Cited by: 0

George W. Mitchell


CORPORATE BOND MARKET

Published: 5/1961,  Volume: 16,  Issue: 2  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1961.tb02824.x  |  Cited by: 2

George T. Conklin


ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF REVENUE BOND FINANCING

Published: 5/1955,  Volume: 10,  Issue: 2  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1955.tb01268.x  |  Cited by: 0

George W. Mitchell


BUSINESS PROCEEDINGS, AMERICAN FINANCE ASSOCIATION

Published: 5/1959,  Volume: 14,  Issue: 2  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1959.tb01592.x  |  Cited by: 0

George E. Hassett


MARKET RISK ADJUSTMENT IN PROJECT VALUATION

Published: 5/1978,  Volume: 33,  Issue: 2  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1978.tb04870.x  |  Cited by: 139

George M. Constantinides


AN EVALUATION OF MUNICIPAL “BANKRUPTCY” LAWS AND PROCEDURES

Published: 12/1973,  Volume: 28,  Issue: 5  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1973.tb01462.x  |  Cited by: 5

George H. Hempel


THE PROXIMATE IMPACT OF MONETARY POLICY ON FLOWS OF FUNDS THROUGH FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES*

Published: 9/1966,  Volume: 21,  Issue: 3  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1966.tb00263.x  |  Cited by: 0

William George Nelson


THE FISCAL HISTORY OF VIRGINIA FROM 1860 TO 1870*

Published: 9/1962,  Volume: 17,  Issue: 3  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1962.tb04325.x  |  Cited by: 0

George Wood Jennings


AN ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE RESERVE REQUIREMENT PLANS

Published: 12/1969,  Volume: 24,  Issue: 5  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1969.tb01697.x  |  Cited by: 2

George J. Benston


THE CAPITAL STRUCTURE IN AMERICAN BANKING

Published: 12/1954,  Volume: 9,  Issue: 4  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1954.tb01253.x  |  Cited by: 3

George Taylor Harris