Search results: 50.
Internal Capital Markets in Business Groups: Evidence from the Asian Financial Crisis
Published: 11/12/2015, Volume: 70, Issue: 6 | DOI: 10.1111/jofi.12309 | Cited by: 327
HEITOR ALMEIDA, CHANG‐SOO KIM, HWANKI BRIAN KIM
This paper examines capital reallocation among firms in Korean business groups () in the aftermath of the 1997 Asian financial crisis, and the consequences of this capital reallocation for the investment and performance of firms. We show that transferred cash from low‐growth to high‐growth member firms, using cross‐firm equity investments. This capital reallocation allowed chaebol firms with greater investment opportunities to invest more than control firms after the crisis. These firms also showed higher profitability and lower declines in valuation than control firms following the crisis. Our results suggest that chaebol internal capital markets helped them mitigate the negative effects of the Asian crisis on investment and performance.
INFLATION AND COMMON STOCK VALUES: COMMENT
Published: 6/1969, Volume: 24, Issue: 3 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1969.tb00371.x | Cited by: 12
Brian Motley
A DEMAND‐FOR‐MONEY FUNCTION FOR THE HOUSEHOLD SECTOR—SOME PRELIMINARY FINDINGS*
Published: 9/1967, Volume: 22, Issue: 3 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1967.tb02976.x | Cited by: 0
Brian Motley
FHLB Advances and the Cost and Availability of Funds to S&Ls: A Comment
Published: 9/1981, Volume: 36, Issue: 4 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1981.tb04899.x | Cited by: 0
BRIAN A. MARIS
Style‐Related Comovement: Fundamentals or Labels?
Published: 1/6/2011, Volume: 66, Issue: 1 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.2010.01633.x | Cited by: 164
BRIAN H. BOYER
I find that economically meaningless index labels cause stock returns to covary in excess of fundamentals. S&P/Barra follow a simple mechanical procedure to define their Value and Growth indices. In doing so, they reclassify some stocks from Value to Growth even after their book‐to‐market ratios have risen, and vice versa. Such stocks begin to covary more with the index they join and less with the index they leave. Backdated constituent data from Barra reveal no such label‐related shifts in comovement during the 10 years prior to the actual introduction of the indices in 1992.
Mortgage Debt Overhang: Reduced Investment by Homeowners at Risk of Default
Published: 3/21/2017, Volume: 72, Issue: 2 | DOI: 10.1111/jofi.12482 | Cited by: 112
BRIAN T. MELZER
Homeowners at risk of default face a debt overhang that reduces their incentive to invest in their property: in expectation, some value created by investments in the property will go to the lender. This agency conflict affects housing investments. Homeowners at risk of default cut back substantially on home improvements and mortgage principal payments, even when they appear financially unconstrained. Meanwhile, they do not reduce spending on assets that they may retain in default, including home appliances, furniture, and vehicles. These findings highlight an important financial friction that has stifled housing investment since the Great Recession.
Stochastic Portfolio Theory and Stock Market Equilibrium
Published: 5/1982, Volume: 37, Issue: 2 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1982.tb03584.x | Cited by: 103
ROBERT FERNHOLZ, BRIAN SHAY
Stock Options as Lotteries
Published: 7/18/2014, Volume: 69, Issue: 4 | DOI: 10.1111/jofi.12152 | Cited by: 274
BRIAN H. BOYER, KEITH VORKINK
We investigate the relationship between ex ante total skewness and holding returns on individual equity options. Recent theoretical developments predict a negative relationship between total skewness and average returns, in contrast to the traditional view that only coskewness is priced. We find, consistent with recent theory, that total skewness exhibits a strong negative relationship with average option returns. Differences in average returns for option portfolios sorted on ex ante skewness range from 10% to 50% per week, even after controlling for risk. Our findings suggest that these large premiums compensate intermediaries for bearing unhedgeable risk when accommodating investor demand for lottery‐like options.
Options on Leveraged Equity: Theory and Empirical Tests
Published: 7/1997, Volume: 52, Issue: 3 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1997.tb02728.x | Cited by: 70
KLAUS BJERRE TOFT, BRIAN PRUCYK
We develop an option pricing model for calls and puts written on leveraged equity in an economy with corporate taxes and bankruptcy costs. The model explains implied Black‐Scholes volatility biases by relating them to the firm's structural characteristics such as leverage and debt covenants. We test the model by comparing predicted pricing biases with biases observed in a large cross‐section of firms with liquid exchange traded option contracts. Our empirical study detects leverage related pricing biases. The magnitudes of these biases correspond to those predicted by our model. We also find significant pricing biases for firms financed primarily by short‐term debt. This supports our model because short‐term debt introduces net‐worth hurdles similar to net‐worth covenants.
Learning by Owning in a Lemons Market
Published: 4/19/2022, Volume: 77, Issue: 3 | DOI: 10.1111/jofi.13125 | Cited by: 2
JORDAN MARTEL, KENNETH MIRKIN, BRIAN WATERS
We study market dynamics when an owner learns about the quality of her asset over time. Since this information is private, the owner sells strategically to a less informed buyer following sufficient negative information. In response, market prices feature a “U‐shape” and trading probabilities a “hump‐shape” with respect to the time to sale. As the owner initially acquires greater information, buyers suffer greater adverse selection, and prices fall accordingly. Eventually, the probability of an informed sale shrinks, and prices rebound. We provide evidence consistent with our model in markets for residential real estate, venture capital investments, and construction equipment.
Are Judgment Errors Reflected in Market Prices and Allocations? Experimental Evidence Based on the Monty Hall Problem
Published: 6/2004, Volume: 59, Issue: 3 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.2004.00654.x | Cited by: 56
Brian D. Kluger, Steve B. Wyatt
The question of whether individual judgment errors survive in market equilibrium is an issue that naturally lends itself to experimental analysis. Here, the Monty Hall problem is used to detect probability judgment errors both in a cohort of individuals and in a market setting. When all subjects in a cohort made probability judgment errors, market prices also reflected the error. However, competition among two bias‐free subjects was sufficient to drive prices to error‐free levels. Thus, heterogeneity in behavior can be an important factor in asset pricing, and further, it may take few bias‐free traders to make asset prices bias‐free.
Stock Price Volatility, Ordinary Dividends, and Other Cash Flows to Shareholders
Published: 9/1993, Volume: 48, Issue: 4 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1993.tb04749.x | Cited by: 47
LUCY F. ACKERT, BRIAN F. SMITH
This paper shows that the results of variance‐bound tests depend on how cash distributions to shareholders are measured. As in prior studies, we find apparent evidence of excess volatility when a narrow definition of cash flow (dividends only) is applied. However, we are unable to reject the hypothesis of market efficiency when the cash flow measure also includes share repurchases and takeover distributions in addition to ordinary cash dividends.
Toward a National Market System for U.S. Exchange–listed Equity Options
Published: 3/25/2004, Volume: 59, Issue: 2 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.2004.00653.x | Cited by: 102
Robert Battalio, Brian Hatch, Robert Jennings
In its response to the 1975 Congressional mandate to implement a national market system for financial securities, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) initially exempted the option market. Recent dramatic changes in the structure of the option market prompted the SEC to revisit this issue. We examine a sample of actively traded, multiply listed equity options to ask whether this market's characteristics appear consistent with the goals of producing economically efficient transactions and facilitating “best execution.” We find marked changes between June 2000, when quotes are often ignored, and January 2002, when the market more closely resembles a national market.
Noncognitive Abilities and Financial Delinquency: The Role of Self‐Efficacy in Avoiding Financial Distress
Published: 10/24/2018, Volume: 73, Issue: 6 | DOI: 10.1111/jofi.12724 | Cited by: 125
CAMELIA M. KUHNEN, BRIAN T. MELZER
We investigate a novel determinant of financial distress, namely, individuals' self‐efficacy, or belief that their actions can influence the future. Individuals with high self‐efficacy are more likely to take precautions that mitigate adverse financial shocks. They are subsequently less likely to default on their debt and bill payments, especially after experiencing negative shocks such as job loss or illness. Thus, noncognitive abilities are an important determinant of financial fragility and subjective expectations are an important factor in household financial decisions.
The Errors in the Variables Problem in the Cross‐Section of Expected Stock Returns
Published: 12/1995, Volume: 50, Issue: 5 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1995.tb05190.x | Cited by: 86
DONGCHEOL KIM
Recent research has documented the failure of market beta to capture the cross‐section of expected returns within the context of a two‐pass estimation methodology. However, the two‐pass methodology suffers from the errors‐in‐variables (EIV) problem that could attenuate the apparent significance of market beta. This article provides a new correction for the EIV problem that is robust to conditional heteroscedasticity. After the correction, I find more support for the role of market beta and less support for the role of firm size in explaining the cross‐section of expected returns. While the EIV correction leads to a diminished role of firm size, the size variable remains a significant force in explaining the cross‐section of expected returns.
Disagreements among Shareholders over a Firm's Disclosure Policy
Published: 6/1993, Volume: 48, Issue: 2 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1993.tb04737.x | Cited by: 33
OLIVER KIM
This paper examines the issue of voluntary disclosure of information by firms with heterogeneous shareholders. It shows that in a rational expectations setting, better informed shareholders prefer less disclosure than less well‐informed shareholders. This is due to differences in the adverse risk‐sharing effect and the beneficial cost‐saving effect of disclosure among shareholders with different risk tolerances and information acquisition cost functions. The presence of individual liquidity shocks is shown to reduce shareholder disagreements regarding a firm's disclosure policy.
How Do Crises Spread? Evidence from Accessible and Inaccessible Stock Indices
Published: 3/9/2006, Volume: 61, Issue: 2 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.2006.00860.x | Cited by: 340
BRIAN H. BOYER, TOMOMI KUMAGAI, KATHY YUAN
We provide empirical evidence that stock market crises are spread globally through asset holdings of international investors. By separating emerging market stocks into two categories, namely, those that are eligible for purchase by foreigners (accessible) and those that are not (inaccessible), we estimate and compare the degree to which accessible and inaccessible stock index returns co‐move with crisis country index returns. Our results show greater co‐movement during high volatility periods, especially for accessible stock index returns, suggesting that crises spread through the asset holdings of international investors rather than through changes in fundamentals.
Can Taxes Shape an Industry? Evidence from the Implementation of the “Amazon Tax”
Published: 5/24/2018, Volume: 73, Issue: 4 | DOI: 10.1111/jofi.12687 | Cited by: 67
BRIAN BAUGH, ITZHAK BEN‐DAVID, HOONSUK PARK
For years, online retailers have maintained a price advantage over brick‐and‐mortar retailers by not collecting sales tax at the time of sale. Recently, several states have required that online retailer Amazon collect sales tax during checkout. Using transaction‐level data, we document that households living in these states reduced their Amazon purchases by 9.4% following the implementation of the sales tax laws, implying elasticities of –1.2 to –1.4. The effect is stronger for large purchases, where purchases declined by 29.1%, corresponding to an elasticity of –3.9. Studying competitors in the electronics field, we find some evidence of substitution toward competing retailers.
Debt Contracting on Management
Published: 3/13/2020, Volume: 75, Issue: 4 | DOI: 10.1111/jofi.12893 | Cited by: 38
BRIAN AKINS, DAVID DE ANGELIS, MACLEAN GAULIN
Change of management restrictions (CMRs) in loan contracts give lenders explicit ex ante control rights over managerial retention and selection. This paper shows that lenders use CMRs to mitigate risks arising from CEO turnover, especially those related to the loss of human capital and replacement uncertainty, thereby providing evidence that human capital risk affects debt contracting. With a CMR in place, the likelihood of CEO turnover decreases by more than half, and future firm performance improves when retention frictions are important, suggesting that lenders can influence managerial turnover, even outside of default states, and help the borrower retain talent.
DISCUSSION
Published: 6/1978, Volume: 33, Issue: 3 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1978.tb00767.x | Cited by: 0
E. Han Kim
A MEAN‐VARIANCE THEORY OF OPTIMAL CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND CORPORATE DEBT CAPACITY
Published: 3/1978, Volume: 33, Issue: 1 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1978.tb03388.x | Cited by: 191
E. Han Kim
Inflationary Effects in the Capital Investment Process: an Empirical Examination
Published: 9/1979, Volume: 34, Issue: 4 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1979.tb03446.x | Cited by: 6
MOON K. KIM
The Theoretical Relationship between Systematic Risk and Financial (Accounting) Variables: Comment
Published: 6/1981, Volume: 36, Issue: 3 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1981.tb00660.x | Cited by: 2
KEE S. KIM
DISCUSSION
Published: 5/1982, Volume: 37, Issue: 2 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1982.tb00890.x | Cited by: 0
E. HAN KIM
Miller's Equilibrium, Shareholder Leverage Clienteles, and Optimal Capital Structure
Published: 5/1982, Volume: 37, Issue: 2 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1982.tb03552.x | Cited by: 38
E. HAN KIM
KOREAN MONETARY AND CREDIT POLICY: A STUDY OF FINANCIAL POLICY IN AN UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRY*
Published: 3/1968, Volume: 23, Issue: 1 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1968.tb03011.x | Cited by: 0
Hyung K. Kim
The Misguided Beliefs of Financial Advisors
Published: 12/20/2020, Volume: 76, Issue: 2 | DOI: 10.1111/jofi.12995 | Cited by: 151
JUHANI T. LINNAINMAA, BRIAN T. MELZER, ALESSANDRO PREVITERO
A common view of retail finance is that conflicts of interest contribute to the high cost of advice. Within a large sample of Canadian financial advisors and their clients, however, we show that advisors typically invest personally just as they advise their clients. Advisors trade frequently, chase returns, prefer expensive and actively managed funds, and underdiversify. Advisors' net returns of −3% per year are similar to their clients' net returns. Advisors do not strategically hold expensive portfolios only to convince clients to do the same; they continue to do so after they leave the industry.
Retail Derivatives and Sentiment: A Sentiment Measure Constructed from Issuances of Retail Structured Equity Products
Published: 6/8/2023, Volume: 78, Issue: 4 | DOI: 10.1111/jofi.13253 | Cited by: 9
BRIAN J. HENDERSON, NEIL D. PEARSON, LI WANG
We use retail structured equity product (SEP) issuances to construct a new sentiment measure for large capitalization stocks. The SEP sentiment measure predicts negative abnormal returns on the SEP reference stocks based on a variety of factor models, and also predicts returns in Fama‐MacBeth regressions that include a wide range of covariates. Consistent with our interpretation that SEP issuances reflect investor sentiment, aggregate SEP issuances are highly correlated with the Baker‐Wurgler sentiment index. Tobit regressions reveal that proxies for attention and sentiment predict SEP issuance volumes, providing additional evidence consistent with the hypothesis that SEP issuances reflect sentiment.
Debt and Input Misallocation
Published: 7/1990, Volume: 45, Issue: 3 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1990.tb05106.x | Cited by: 25
MOSHE KIM, VOJISLAV MAKSIMOVIC
We investigate a class of agency costs of debt that arise because debt financing affects the firm's incentives to use inputs efficiently. A methodology for estimating this class of costs is presented and applied to a major industry, air transport. Our results are consistent with agency models that predict a decrease in efficiency as the debt increases. A part of the loss of efficiency that we identify is attributable to the greater use by levered firms of inputs that can be monitored and are collateralizable.
On the Magnification of Small Biases in Hiring
Published: 7/18/2024, Volume: 79, Issue: 5 | DOI: 10.1111/jofi.13374 | Cited by: 2
SHAUN WILLIAM DAVIES, EDWARD D. VAN WESEP, BRIAN WATERS
We analyze a setting in which a board must hire a chief executive officer (CEO) after exerting effort to learn about the quality of each candidate. Optimal effort is asymmetric, implying asymmetric likelihoods of each candidate being chosen. If the board has an infinitesimal bias in favor of one candidate, it allocates effort to maximize the likelihood of that candidate being chosen. Even when the board's prior is that its preferred candidate is inferior, she may still be chosen most often. A glass ceiling can also arise whereby the tendency to hire favored candidates increases as the importance of the position increases.
The Effect of Three Mile Island on Utility Bond Risk Premia: A Note
Published: 3/1986, Volume: 41, Issue: 1 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1986.tb04504.x | Cited by: 22
W. BRIAN BARRETT, ANDREA J. HEUSON, ROBERT W. KOLB
Broad‐Based Employee Stock Ownership: Motives and Outcomes
Published: 5/8/2014, Volume: 69, Issue: 3 | DOI: 10.1111/jofi.12150 | Cited by: 278
E. HAN KIM, PAIGE OUIMET
Firms initiating broad‐based employee share ownership plans often claim employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs) increase productivity by improving employee incentives. Do they? Small ESOPs comprising less than 5% of shares, granted by firms with moderate employee size, increase the economic pie, benefiting both employees and shareholders. The effects are weaker when there are too many employees to mitigate free‐riding. Although some large ESOPs increase productivity and employee compensation, the average impacts are small because they are often implemented for nonincentive purposes such as conserving cash by substituting wages with employee shares or forming a worker‐management alliance to thwart takeover bids.
Risk in Banking and Capital Regulation
Published: 12/1988, Volume: 43, Issue: 5 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1988.tb03966.x | Cited by: 661
DAESIK KIM, ANTHONY M. SANTOMERO
This paper investigates the role of bank capital regulation in risk control. It is known that banks choose portfolios of higher risk because of inefficiently priced deposit insurance. Bank capital regulation is a way to redress this bias toward risk. Utilizing the mean‐variance model, the following results are shown: (a) the use of simple capital ratios in regulation is an ineffective means to bound the insolvency risk of banks; (b) as a solution to problems of the capital ratio regulation, the “theoretically correct” risk weights under the risk‐based capital plan are explicitly derived; and (c) the “theoretically correct” risk weights are restrictions on asset composition, which alters the optimal portfolio choice of banking firms.
The Impact of Merger Bids on the Participating Firms' Security Holders
Published: 12/1982, Volume: 37, Issue: 5 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1982.tb03613.x | Cited by: 118
PAUL ASQUITH, E. HAN KIM
This paper investigates whether merger bids have an impact on the wealth of the participating firms' bondholders and stockholders. Monthly and daily bond and stock returns are calculated relative to the announcement date of a merger bid for a sample of conglomerate mergers. The results show that while the stockholders of target firms gain from a merger bid, no other securityholders either gain or lose. To provide direct evidence on the existence of “diversification effects” and “incentive effects,” we test whether the bondholders' returns are dependent upon the correlation between the returns of the merging firms and whether the size of the bondholders' and stockholders' returns in individual mergers are correlated. The results are consistent with a capital market that efficiently resolves conflicts of interest between stockholders and bondholders.
To Steal or Not to Steal: Firm Attributes, Legal Environment, and Valuation
Published: 5/3/2005, Volume: 60, Issue: 3 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.2005.00767.x | Cited by: 1080
ART DURNEV, E. HAN KIM
Data on corporate governance and disclosure practices reveal wide within‐country variation that decreases with the strength of investors' legal protection. A simple model identifies three firm attributes related to that variation: investment opportunities, external financing, and ownership structure. Using firm‐level governance and transparency data from 27 countries, we find that all three firm attributes are related to the quality of governance and disclosure practices, and firms with higher governance and transparency rankings are valued higher in stock markets. All relations are stronger in less investor‐friendly countries, demonstrating that firms adapt to poor legal environments to establish efficient governance practices.
Retail Financial Advice: Does One Size Fit All?
Published: 5/25/2017, Volume: 72, Issue: 4 | DOI: 10.1111/jofi.12514 | Cited by: 247
STEPHEN FOERSTER, JUHANI T. LINNAINMAA, BRIAN T. MELZER, ALESSANDRO PREVITERO
Using unique data on Canadian households, we show that financial advisors exert substantial influence over their clients' asset allocation, but provide limited customization. Advisor fixed effects explain considerably more variation in portfolio risk and home bias than a broad set of investor attributes that includes risk tolerance, age, investment horizon, and financial sophistication. Advisor effects remain important even when controlling flexibly for unobserved heterogeneity through investor fixed effects. An advisor's own asset allocation strongly predicts the allocations chosen on clients' behalf. This one‐size‐fits‐all advice does not come cheap: advised portfolios cost 2.5% per year, or 1.5% more than life cycle funds.
Financial Contracting and Leverage Induced Over‐ and Under‐Investment Incentives
Published: 7/1990, Volume: 45, Issue: 3 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1990.tb05105.x | Cited by: 90
ELAZAR BERKOVITCH, E. HAN KIM
This paper investigates the effects of seniority rules and restrictive dividend convenants on the over‐ and under‐investment incentives associated with risky debt. We show that increasing seniority of new debt decreases the incidence of under‐investment but increases over‐investment, and vice versa. Under symmetric information, the optimal seniority rule is to give new debtholders first claim on a new project without recourse to existing assets (i.e., project financing). Under asymmetric information, the optimal debt contract requires equating the expected return to new debtholders in the default state to the new project's cash flow in the same rate. If this is not possible, the optimal seniority rule calls for strict subordination of new debt if the expected cash flow in default is small and full seniority if it is large. With regard to dividend convenants, we show that their effect depends on whether or not dividend payments are conditioned on future investments. When they are unconditioned, allowing more dividends increases the under‐investment incentive. In contrast, conditional dividends decrease the underinvestment incentive and increase the over‐investment incentive.
Labor and Corporate Governance: International Evidence from Restructuring Decisions
Published: 1/23/2009, Volume: 64, Issue: 1 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.2008.01436.x | Cited by: 306
JULIAN ATANASSOV, E. HAN KIM
Our results highlight the importance of interaction among management, labor, and investors in shaping corporate governance. We find that strong union laws protect not only workers but also underperforming managers. Weak investor protection combined with strong union laws are conducive to worker–management alliances, wherein poorly performing firms sell assets to prevent large‐scale layoffs, garnering worker support to retain management. Asset sales in weak investor protection countries lead to further deteriorating performance, whereas in strong investor protection countries they improve performance and lead to more layoffs. Strong union laws are less effective in preventing layoffs when financial leverage is high.
Credit Granting: A Comparative Analysis of Classification Procedures
Published: 7/1987, Volume: 42, Issue: 3 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1987.tb04576.x | Cited by: 85
VENKAT SRINIVASAN, YONG H. KIM
Financial classification issues, and particularly the financial distress problem, continue to be subject to vigorous investigation. The corporate credit granting process has not received as much attention in the literature. This paper examines the relative effectiveness of parametric, nonparametric and judgemental classification procedures on a sample of corporate credit data. The judgemental model is based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Evidence indicates that (nonparametric) recursive partitioning methods provide greater information than simultaneous partitioning procedures. The judgemental model is found to perform as well as statistical models. A complementary relationship is proposed between the statistical and the judgemental models as an effective paradigm for granting credit.
Upstairs Market for Principal and Agency Trades: Analysis of Adverse Information and Price Effects
Published: 10/2001, Volume: 56, Issue: 5 | DOI: 10.1111/0022-1082.00387 | Cited by: 70
Brian F. Smith, D. Alasdair S. Turnbull, Robert W. White
This paper directly tests the hypothesis that upstairs intermediation lowers adverse selection cost. We find upstairs market makers effectively screen out information‐motivated orders and execute large liquidity‐motivated orders at a lower cost than the downstairs market. Upstairs markets do not cannibalize or free ride off the downstairs market. In one‐quarter of the trades, the upstairs market offers price improvement over the limit orders available in the consolidated limit order book. Trades are more likely to be executed upstairs at times when liquidity is lower in the downstairs market.
Predictable Stock Returns: The Role of Small Sample Bias
Published: 6/1993, Volume: 48, Issue: 2 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1993.tb04731.x | Cited by: 453
CHARLES R. NELSON, MYUNG J. KIM
Predictive regressions are subject to two small sample biases: the coefficient estimate is biased if the predictor is endogenous, and asymptotic standard errors in the case of overlapping periods are biased downward. Both biases work in the direction of making t‐ratios too large so that standard inference may indicate predictability even if none is present. Using annual returns since 1872 and monthly returns since 1927 we estimate empirical distributions by randomizing residuals in the VAR representation of the variables. The estimated biases are large enough to affect inference in practice, and should be accounted for when studying predictability.
The Geography of Block Acquisitions
Published: 11/11/2008, Volume: 63, Issue: 6 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.2008.01414.x | Cited by: 345
JUN‐KOO KANG, JIN‐MO KIM
Using a large sample of partial block acquisitions, we examine the importance of geographic proximity in corporate governance and target returns. We find that block acquirers have a strong preference for geographically proximate targets and acquirers that purchase shares in such targets are more likely to engage in post‐acquisition target governance activities than are remote block acquirers. Moreover, the targets of these acquirers realize higher announcement returns and better post‐acquisition operating performance than do targets of other types of acquirers, particularly when they face greater information asymmetries.
The Working Capital Credit Multiplier
Published: 8/27/2024, Volume: 79, Issue: 6 | DOI: 10.1111/jofi.13385 | Cited by: 19
HEITOR ALMEIDA, DANIEL CARVALHO, TAEHYUN KIM
We provide novel evidence that funding frictions can limit firms’ short‐term investments in receivables and inventories, reducing their production capacity. We propose a credit multiplier driven by these considerations and empirically isolate its importance by comparing how a similar firm responds to shocks differently when these shocks are initiated in their most profitable quarter (“main quarter”). We implement this test using recurring and unpredictable shocks (e.g., oil shocks) and provide extensive evidence supporting our identification strategy. Our results suggest that funding constraints and credit multiplier effects are significant for smaller firms that heavily rely on financing from suppliers.
Theories of Corporate Debt Policy: A Synthesis
Published: 5/1979, Volume: 34, Issue: 2 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1979.tb02098.x | Cited by: 56
ANDREW H. CHEN, E. HAN KIM
Buyer–Supplier Relationships and the Stakeholder Theory of Capital Structure
Published: 9/10/2008, Volume: 63, Issue: 5 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.2008.01403.x | Cited by: 561
SHANTANU BANERJEE, SUDIPTO DASGUPTA, YUNGSAN KIM
Firms in bilateral relationships are likely to produce or procure unique products—especially when they are in durable goods industries. Consistent with the arguments of Titman and Titman and Wessels, such firms are likely to maintain lower leverage. We compile a database of firms' principal customers (those that account for at least 10% of sales or are otherwise considered important for business) from the Business Information File of Compustat and find results consistent with the predictions of this theory.
CORPORATE MERGERS AND THE CO‐INSURANCE OF CORPORATE DEBT
Published: 5/1977, Volume: 32, Issue: 2 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1977.tb03275.x | Cited by: 111
E. Han Kim, John J. McConnell
A Capital Budgeting Analysis of Life Insurance Costs in the United States: 1950–1979
Published: 3/1983, Volume: 38, Issue: 1 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1983.tb03632.x | Cited by: 8
DAVID F. BABBEL, KIM B. STAKING
A capital budgeting procedure is applied in developing a real price index for life insurance over three decades. Individual life policies of three types are analyzed. The analysis reveals that although the cost of whole life insurance, measured in nominal values, has decreased over the past thirty years, when properly measured in present value or constant dollar terms, the cost has risen substantially. Term life insurance has been characterized by decreasing costs in both nominal and real terms. The amounts of the cost variations attributable to improving survival rates, changing policy terms, varying discount rates and differing tax status are identified.
EVALUATING INVESTMENTS IN ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE: A WEALTH MAXIMIZING FRAMEWORK
Published: 5/1978, Volume: 33, Issue: 2 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1978.tb04857.x | Cited by: 44
Yong H. Kim, Joseph C. Atkins
Price Limit Performance: Evidence from the Tokyo Stock Exchange
Published: 6/1997, Volume: 52, Issue: 2 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1997.tb04827.x | Cited by: 311
KENNETH A. KIM, S. GHON RHEE
Price limit advocates claim that price limits decrease stock price volatility, counter overreaction, and do not interfere with trading activity. Conversely, price limit critics claim that price limits cause higher volatility levels on subsequent days (volatility spillover hypothesis), prevent prices from efficiently reaching their equilibrium level (delayed price discovery hypothesis), and interfere with trading due to limitations imposed by price limits (trading interference hypothesis). Empirical research does not provide conclusive support for either positions. We examine the Tokyo Stock Exchange price limit system to test these hypotheses. Our evidence supports all three hypotheses suggesting that price limits may be ineffective.
Subprime Mortgage Defaults and Credit Default Swaps
Published: 3/12/2015, Volume: 70, Issue: 2 | DOI: 10.1111/jofi.12221 | Cited by: 37
ERIC ARENTSEN, DAVID C. MAUER, BRIAN ROSENLUND, HAROLD H. ZHANG, FENG ZHAO
We offer the first empirical evidence on the adverse effect of credit default swap (CDS) coverage on subprime mortgage defaults. Using a large database of privately securitized mortgages, we find that higher defaults concentrate in mortgage pools with concurrent CDS coverage, and within these pools the loans originated after or shortly before the start of CDS coverage have an even higher delinquency rate. The results are robust across zip code and origination quarter cohorts. Overall, we show that CDS coverage helped drive higher mortgage defaults during the financial crisis.