The Journal of Finance

The Journal of Finance publishes leading research across all the major fields of finance. It is one of the most widely cited journals in academic finance, and in all of economics. Each of the six issues per year reaches over 8,000 academics, finance professionals, libraries, and government and financial institutions around the world. The journal is the official publication of The American Finance Association, the premier academic organization devoted to the study and promotion of knowledge about financial economics.

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Bankruptcy, Secured Debt, and Optimal Capital Structure: Reply

Published: 3/1979,  Volume: 34,  Issue: 1  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1979.tb02086.x  |  Cited by: 11

JAMES H. SCOTT


AMBIGUITIES IN THE CROSS‐SECTION ANALYSIS OF PER SHARE FINANCIAL DATA: COMMENT

Published: 6/1977,  Volume: 32,  Issue: 3  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1977.tb02003.x  |  Cited by: 0

James H. Scott


ON THE THEORY OF CONGLOMERATE MERGERS

Published: 9/1977,  Volume: 32,  Issue: 4  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1977.tb03323.x  |  Cited by: 58

James H. Scott


BANKRUPTCY, SECURED DEBT, AND OPTIMAL CAPITAL STRUCTURE

Published: 3/1977,  Volume: 32,  Issue: 1  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1977.tb03237.x  |  Cited by: 248

James H. Scott


The Tax Effects of Investment in Marketable Securities on Firm Valuation

Published: 5/1979,  Volume: 34,  Issue: 2  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1979.tb02093.x  |  Cited by: 4

JAMES H. SCOTT


The Puzzle of Financial Leverage Clienteles

Published: 12/1985,  Volume: 40,  Issue: 5  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1985.tb02394.x  |  Cited by: 1

ODED SARIG, JAMES SCOTT

Empirically, it appears that common stock of publicly traded corporations with high‐debt ratios tends to be held by investors with relatively low marginal taxes while the stock in companies with little debt is held by investors in high‐tax brackets. A number of authors have argued that in an equilibrium similar to the one described by Miller [8], these clienteles should exist. We argue that standard portfolio theory does not imply financial leverage clienteles for publicly traded firms. We explain the empirical relationship between investor tax rates and leverage ratios by the existence of dividend clienteles and a positive relationship between dividend yield and leverage ratios.


DISCUSSION

Published: 5/1977,  Volume: 32,  Issue: 2  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1977.tb03289.x  |  Cited by: 1

Bernard Dumas, James H. Scott


Capital Gains Tax Rules, Tax‐loss Trading, and Turn‐of‐the‐year Returns

Published: 2/2001,  Volume: 56,  Issue: 1  |  DOI: 10.1111/0022-1082.00328  |  Cited by: 149

James M. Poterba, Scott J. Weisbenner

Changes in the capital gains tax rules facing individual investors do not affect the incentives for “window dressing” by institutional investors, but they can affect the incentives for year‐end tax–induced trading by individual investors. Empirical evidence for the 1963 to 1996 period suggests that when the tax law encouraged taxable investors who accrued losses early in the year to realize their losses before year‐end, the correlation between early year losses and turn‐of‐the‐year returns was weaker than when the law did not provide such an early realization incentive. These findings suggest that tax‐loss trading contributes to turn‐of‐the‐year return patterns.


MARKET VALUE AND FINANCIAL STRUCTURE IN THE RAILROAD INDUSTRY*

Published: 9/1962,  Volume: 17,  Issue: 3  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1962.tb04315.x  |  Cited by: 0

Scott Nielsen


THE CHANGING SIGNIFICANCE OF TREASURY OBLIGATIONS IN COMMERCIAL BANK PORTFOLIOS*

Published: 5/1957,  Volume: 12,  Issue: 2  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1957.tb04131.x  |  Cited by: 0

Ira Scott


INVESTMENT EXPERIENCE WITH LESS POPULAR COMMON STOCKS*

Published: 9/1962,  Volume: 17,  Issue: 3  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1962.tb04314.x  |  Cited by: 0

W. Scott Bauman


DISCUSSION

Published: 7/1986,  Volume: 41,  Issue: 3  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1986.tb04517.x  |  Cited by: 0

SCOTT P. MASON


HIGHER INTEREST RATES ON TIME DEPOSITS: COMMENT

Published: 3/1965,  Volume: 20,  Issue: 1  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1965.tb00186.x  |  Cited by: 0

Charlotte H. Scott


Reputation and Performance Among Security Analysts

Published: 12/1992,  Volume: 47,  Issue: 5  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1992.tb04684.x  |  Cited by: 762

SCOTT E. STICKEL

Members of the Institutional Investor All‐American Research Team supply more accurate earnings forecasts than other analysts when forecasts are matched by the corporation followed and by the date of brokerage house issuance. This contemporaneous advantage is complemented by a timing advantage; All‐Americans supply forecasts more often than other analysts. Stocks returns immediately following large upward forecast revisions suggest that All‐Americans impact prices more than other analysts. However, there is virtually no difference in returns following large downward revisions. Nevertheless, the collective results suggest a positive relation between reputation and performance, and, assuming that All‐Americans are better paid, pay and performance.


ESTIMATES OF HICKSIAN IS AND LM CURVES FOR THE UNITED STATES*

Published: 9/1966,  Volume: 21,  Issue: 3  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1966.tb00248.x  |  Cited by: 0

Robert Haney Scott


MEASURING PERIOD PROFITABILITY: BOOK YIELD VERSUS TRUE YIELD*

Published: 3/1965,  Volume: 20,  Issue: 1  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1965.tb00191.x  |  Cited by: 0

Robert Scott Carlson


Management Buyout Proposals and inside Information

Published: 7/1992,  Volume: 47,  Issue: 3  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1992.tb04005.x  |  Cited by: 40

D. SCOTT LEE

This paper explores stock price behavior surrounding withdrawn buyout proposals to determine whether managers' proposal announcements reveal any information which is unrelated to the efficiency gains associated with completed buyouts. On average, firms whose managers withdraw buyout proposals do not sustain significantly positive stock price effects unless they receive subsequent acquisition bids. In addition, managers of firms with completed buyouts are no more likely to have access to inside information than managers who withdrew proposals. I interpret this evidence as inconsistent with the notion that inside information commonly motivates management buyout proposals.


PROBABLE IMPACT OF ATOMIC ENERGY ON ELECTRIC PUBLIC UTILITY SECURITIES*

Published: 5/1954,  Volume: 9,  Issue: 2  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1954.tb01219.x  |  Cited by: 0

Eldred H. Scott


DISCUSSION

Published: 5/1980,  Volume: 35,  Issue: 2  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1980.tb02175.x  |  Cited by: 0

Scott F. Richard


DEBT MANAGEMENT FOR ECONOMIC STABILITY*

Published: 9/1962,  Volume: 17,  Issue: 3  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1962.tb04326.x  |  Cited by: 0

Robert Haney Scott


EVALUATION OF PROSPECTIVE INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE

Published: 5/1968,  Volume: 23,  Issue: 2  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1968.tb00803.x  |  Cited by: 2

W. Scott Bauman


Biased Estimators and Unstable Betas

Published: 3/1980,  Volume: 35,  Issue: 1  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1980.tb03470.x  |  Cited by: 7

ELTON SCOTT, STEWART BROWN


Local Does as Local Is: Information Content of the Geography of Individual Investors' Common Stock Investments

Published: 2/2005,  Volume: 60,  Issue: 1  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.2005.00730.x  |  Cited by: 1123

ZORAN IVKOVIĆ, SCOTT WEISBENNER

Using data on the investments a large number of individual investors made through a discount broker from 1991 to 1996, we find that households exhibit a strong preference for local investments. We test whether this locality bias stems from information or from simple familiarity. The average household generates an additional annualized return of 3.2% from its local holdings relative to its nonlocal holdings, suggesting that local investors can exploit local knowledge. Excess returns to investing locally are even larger among stocks not in the S&P 500 index (firms for which information asymmetries between local and nonlocal investors may be largest).


Liquidity Provision and Noise Trading: Evidence from the “Investment Dartboard” Column

Published: 10/1999,  Volume: 54,  Issue: 5  |  DOI: 10.1111/0022-1082.00171  |  Cited by: 66

Jason Greene, Scott Smart

How does increased noise trading affect market liquidity and trading costs? We use The Wall Street Journal's “Investment Dartboard” column, which stimulates noise trading, as a natural experiment to evaluate models of the bid‐ask spread. We find that substantial increases in trading volume and significant but temporary abnormal returns occur when analysts recommend stocks in this column, especially when recommendations come from analysts with successful contest track records. We also find an increase in liquidity and a decrease in the adverse selection component of the bid‐ask spread.


IS THE “NEUTRALIZED MONEY STOCK” UNBIASED?*: COMMENT

Published: 12/1976,  Volume: 31,  Issue: 5  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1976.tb03231.x  |  Cited by: 0

James R. Barth, James T. Bennett


The Effect of Voluntary Spin‐off Announcements on Shareholder Wealth

Published: 12/1983,  Volume: 38,  Issue: 5  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1983.tb03843.x  |  Cited by: 173

JAMES A. MILES, JAMES D. ROSENFELD

This paper presents estimates of the effect of a voluntary spin‐off announcement on shareholder wealth. The results show that spin‐off announcements have a positive influence on stock prices and that the relative increase in share price is greater for large spin‐offs than for small ones.


Does It Pay to Bet Against Beta? On the Conditional Performance of the Beta Anomaly

Published: 3/18/2016,  Volume: 71,  Issue: 2  |  DOI: 10.1111/jofi.12383  |  Cited by: 108

SCOTT CEDERBURG, MICHAEL S. O'DOHERTY

Prior studies find that a strategy that buys high‐beta stocks and sells low‐beta stocks has a significantly negative unconditional capital asset pricing model (CAPM) alpha, such that it appears to pay to “bet against beta.” We show, however, that the conditional beta for the high‐minus‐low beta portfolio covaries negatively with the equity premium and positively with market volatility. As a result, the unconditional alpha is a downward‐biased estimate of the true alpha. We model the conditional market risk for beta‐sorted portfolios using instrumental variables methods and find that the conditional CAPM resolves the beta anomaly.


RISK, RETURN AND DISEQUILIBRIUM: AN APPLICATION TO CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING TECHNIQUES

Published: 5/1972,  Volume: 27,  Issue: 2  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1972.tb00964.x  |  Cited by: 0

W. Scott Bauman, Ray Ball


DOMESTIC POLICY OBJECTIVES AND THE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS

Published: 5/1966,  Volume: 21,  Issue: 2  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1966.tb00234.x  |  Cited by: 3

James Duesenberry


BOOKS RECEIVED

Published: 3/1963,  Volume: 18,  Issue: 1  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1963.tb01633.x  |  Cited by: 0

James Gillies


BOOKS RECEIVED

Published: 12/1961,  Volume: 16,  Issue: 4  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1961.tb04243.x  |  Cited by: 0

James Gillies


BOOKS RECEIVED

Published: 12/1963,  Volume: 18,  Issue: 4  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1963.tb01647.x  |  Cited by: 0

James Gillies


BOOKS RECEIVED

Published: 9/1962,  Volume: 17,  Issue: 3  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1962.tb04331.x  |  Cited by: 0

James Gillies


BOOKS RECEIVED

Published: 3/1962,  Volume: 17,  Issue: 1  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1962.tb04263.x  |  Cited by: 0

James Gillies


The Effect of Common‐Stock Dividend Reductions on the Returns of Nonconvertible Preferred Stocks: A Note

Published: 6/1983,  Volume: 38,  Issue: 3  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1983.tb02517.x  |  Cited by: 2

JAMES ROSENFELD


An Analysis of Bank Loan Rate Indexation

Published: 6/1982,  Volume: 37,  Issue: 3  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1982.tb02225.x  |  Cited by: 14

CHRISTOPHER JAMES

This paper examines the economic rationale for the use of bank loan commitments and the effect on the allocation of bank credit of indexing the loan rate offered through the commitment to the prime. A simple model of the loan market is constructed and used to examine the effect changes in loan demand and the cost of bank funds have on the allocation of bank credit under indexation. It is shown that indexing implies changes in the relative cost of borrowing for certain groups of bank customers. For nonprime customers, an increase in the cost of bank funds results in a decline in the relative cost of borrowing under commitments. The pattern of commitment use is found to be consistent with the predictions of the model.


REPLY

Published: 9/1966,  Volume: 21,  Issue: 3  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1966.tb00257.x  |  Cited by: 0

James Tobin


Relationship‐Specific Assets and the Pricing of Underwriter Services

Published: 12/1992,  Volume: 47,  Issue: 5  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1992.tb04686.x  |  Cited by: 96

CHRISTOPHER JAMES

This paper investigates the effect of setup costs on the pricing of investment banking services. The existence of setup costs is predicted to result in lower underwriter spreads in IPOs for firms that are expected to issue again. Consistent with this prediction, I find significantly lower spreads for firms that make subsequent issues. I also find that a firm's likelihood of changing underwriters in a subsequent offer is related to the time between offerings and the underwriter's pricing performance in the IPO. These results suggest that the deviations from optimal IPO pricing carry a penalty for the underwriter.


SOME FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF THE CANADIAN GOVERNMENT HOUSING PROGRAM: HISTORY AND PROSPECTIVE DEVELOPMENTS*

Published: 3/1953,  Volume: 8,  Issue: 1  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1953.tb01133.x  |  Cited by: 0

James Gillies


THE BURDEN OF THE PUBLIC DEBT: A REVIEW ARTICLE

Published: 12/1965,  Volume: 20,  Issue: 4  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1965.tb02936.x  |  Cited by: 15

James Tobin


Bank Debt Restructurings and the Composition of Exchange Offers in Financial Distress

Published: 6/1996,  Volume: 51,  Issue: 2  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1996.tb02700.x  |  Cited by: 67

CHRISTOPHER JAMES

This article examines the relation between bank debt forgiveness and the structure of public debt exchange offers in financial distress. I find that the structure of exchange offers and the likelihood of an offer's success are significantly related to whether the bank participates in the restructuring transaction. Exchange offers made in conjunction with bank concessions are characterized by significantly greater reductions in public debt outstanding and significantly less senior debt offered to bondholders. Overall, the results suggest that the structure of a firm's public and private claims significantly affects the firm's ability to modify its capital structure in financial distress.


The Losses Realized in Bank Failures

Published: 9/1991,  Volume: 46,  Issue: 4  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1991.tb04616.x  |  Cited by: 295

CHRISTOPHER JAMES

This paper examines the losses realized in bank failures. Losses are measured as the difference between the book value of assets and the recovery value net of the direct expenses associated with the failure. I find the loss on assets is substantial, averaging 30 percent of the failed bank's assets. Direct expenses associated with bank closures average 10 percent of assets. An empirical analysis of the determinants of these losses reveals a significant difference in the value of assets retained by the FDIC and similar assets assumed by acquiring banks.


On The Direction of Preference for Moments of Higher Order Than The Variance

Published: 9/1980,  Volume: 35,  Issue: 4  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1980.tb03509.x  |  Cited by: 546

ROBERT C. SCOTT, PHILIP A. HORVATH


The Resolution of Claims in Financial Distress the Case of Massey Ferguson

Published: 5/1983,  Volume: 38,  Issue: 2  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1983.tb02258.x  |  Cited by: 57

CARLISS Y. BALDWIN, SCOTT P. MASON


An Examination of Stock Market Return Volatility During Overnight and Intraday Periods, 1964–1989

Published: 6/1990,  Volume: 45,  Issue: 2  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1990.tb03705.x  |  Cited by: 115

LARRY J. LOCKWOOD, SCOTT C. LINN

This paper examines the variance of hourly market returns during 1964–1989. Results indicate that return volatility falls from the opening hour until early afternoon and rises thereafter and is significantly greater for intraday versus overnight periods. Market variance is also shown to change significantly over time, rising after NASDAQ began in 1971, rising after trading in stock options began in 1973, falling after fixed commissions were eliminated in 1975, rising after trading in stock index futures was introduced in 1982, and falling after margin requirements for stock index futures became larger in 1988.


Local Dividend Clienteles

Published: 3/21/2011,  Volume: 66,  Issue: 2  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.2010.01645.x  |  Cited by: 229

BO BECKER, ZORAN IVKOVIĆ, SCOTT WEISBENNER

We exploit demographic variation to identify the effect of dividend demand on corporate payout policy. Retail investors tend to hold local stocks and older investors prefer dividend‐paying stocks. Together, these tendencies generate geographically varying demand for dividends. Firms headquartered in areas in which seniors constitute a large fraction of the population are more likely to pay dividends, initiate dividends, and have higher dividend yields. We also provide indirect evidence as to why managers may respond to the demand for dividends from local seniors. Overall, these results are consistent with the notion that the investor base affects corporate policy choices.


THE EQUALIZING EFFECTS OF FEDERAL GRANTS

Published: 5/1954,  Volume: 9,  Issue: 2  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1954.tb01224.x  |  Cited by: 2

James A. Maxwell


A MODEL OF STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT PORTFOLIO AND REAL‐EXPENDITURE BEHAVIOR: 1952–1965*

Published: 6/1970,  Volume: 25,  Issue: 3  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1970.tb00538.x  |  Cited by: 0

James A. Chalmers


Agency Costs and Ownership Structure

Published: 2/2000,  Volume: 55,  Issue: 1  |  DOI: 10.1111/0022-1082.00201  |  Cited by: 1764

James S. Ang, Rebel A. Cole, James Wuh Lin

We provide measures of absolute and relative equity agency costs for corporations under different ownership and management structures. Our base case is Jensen and Meckling's (1976) zero agency‐cost firm, where the manager is the firm's sole shareholder. We utilize a sample of 1,708 small corporations from the FRB/NSSBF database and find that agency costs (i) are significantly higher when an outsider rather than an insider manages the firm; (ii) are inversely related to the manager's ownership share; (iii) increase with the number of nonmanager shareholders, and (iv) to a lesser extent, are lower with greater monitoring by banks.


THE SUPPLY OF MONEY AND COMMON STOCK PRICES: FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE ECONOMETRIC EVIDENCE

Published: 6/1974,  Volume: 29,  Issue: 3  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1974.tb01490.x  |  Cited by: 22

James E. Pesando