The Journal of Finance

The Journal of Finance publishes leading research across all the major fields of finance. It is one of the most widely cited journals in academic finance, and in all of economics. Each of the six issues per year reaches over 8,000 academics, finance professionals, libraries, and government and financial institutions around the world. The journal is the official publication of The American Finance Association, the premier academic organization devoted to the study and promotion of knowledge about financial economics.

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Explaining Forward Exchange Bias…Intraday

Published: 9/1995,  Volume: 50,  Issue: 4  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1995.tb04061.x  |  Cited by: 3

RICHARD K. LYONS, ANDREW K. ROSE

Intraday interest rates are zero. Consequently, a foreign exchange dealer can short a vulnerable currency in the morning, close this position in the afternoon, and never face an interest cost. This tactic might seem especially attractive in times of fixed‐rate crisis, since it suggests an immunity to the central bank's interest rate defense. In equilibrium, however, buyers of the vulnerable currency must be compensated on average with an intraday capital gain as long as no devaluation occurs. That is, currencies under attack should typically appreciate intraday. Using data on intraday exchange rate changes within the European Monetary System, we find this prediction is borne out.


Is There Private Information in the FX Market? The Tokyo Experiment

Published: 6/1998,  Volume: 53,  Issue: 3  |  DOI: 10.1111/0022-1082.00045  |  Cited by: 186

Takatoshi Ito, Richard K. Lyons, Michael T. Melvin

We provide evidence of private information in the foreign exchange market. The evidence comes from the introduction of trading in Tokyo over the lunch hour. Lunch‐return variance doubles with the introduction of trading, which cannot be due to public information since the flow of public information did not change with the trading rules. We then exploit microstructure theory to discriminate between the two alternatives: private information and mispricing. Four key results support the predictions of private‐information models. Three of these involve changes in the intraday volatility U‐shape. The fourth is that opening trade causes mispricing's share in variance to fall.


A Simple Implicit Measure of the Effective Bid‐Ask Spread in an Efficient Market

Published: 9/1984,  Volume: 39,  Issue: 4  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1984.tb03897.x  |  Cited by: 1384

RICHARD ROLL

In an efficient market, the fundamental value of a security fluctuates randomly. However, trading costs induce negative serial dependence in successive observed market price changes. In fact, given market efficiency, the effective bid‐ask spread can be measured by where “cov” is the first‐order serial covariance of price changes. This implicit measure of the bid‐ask spread is derived formally and is shown empirically to be closely related to firm size.


IMPUTED RENT OF OWNER‐OCCUPIED DWELLINGS UNDER THE INCOME TAX

Published: 12/1960,  Volume: 15,  Issue: 4  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1960.tb02766.x  |  Cited by: 19

Richard Goode


Industrial Structure and the Comparative Behavior of International Stock Market Indices

Published: 3/1992,  Volume: 47,  Issue: 1  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1992.tb03977.x  |  Cited by: 501

RICHARD ROLL

Stock Price Indices are compared across countries in an attempt to explain why they exhibit such disparate behavior. Three separate explanatory influences are empirically documented. First, part of the behavior can be attributed to a technical aspect of index construction; some indices are more diversified than others. Second, each country's industrial structure plays a major role in explaining stock price behavior. Third, for the majority of countries, a portion of national equity index behavior can be ascribed to exchange rate behavior. Exchange rates explain a significant portion of common currency denominated national index returns, although the amount explained by exchange rates is less than the amount explained by industrial structure for most countries.


DISCUSSION

Published: 7/1984,  Volume: 39,  Issue: 3  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1984.tb03652.x  |  Cited by: 0

RICHARD RUBACK


AN EMPIRICAL TEST OF THE ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESES OF NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL PRICING OF RISKY ASSETS

Published: 5/1977,  Volume: 32,  Issue: 2  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1977.tb03287.x  |  Cited by: 133

Richard Stehle


AMBIGUITY WHEN PERFORMANCE IS MEASURED BY THE SECURITIES MARKET LINE

Published: 9/1978,  Volume: 33,  Issue: 4  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1978.tb02047.x  |  Cited by: 291

Richard Roll


Bankruptcy Risk and Optimal Capital Structure

Published: 12/1983,  Volume: 38,  Issue: 5  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1983.tb03845.x  |  Cited by: 179

RICHARD CASTANIAS

This study finds shortcomings in empirical tests of the capital structure irrelevance hypothesis. The alternative hypothesis is that firms choose value maximizing mixes of debt and equity on account of bankruptcy costs and the tax deductibility of interest payments. Based upon the cross‐sectional implications of the tax shelter‐bankruptcy cost hypothesis, an alternative test of the irrelevance hypothesis is performed. The test examines the relationship between failure rates and leverage ratios for 36 lines of business. The results are inconsistent with the irrelevance hypothesis.


Financial Expertise as an Arms Race

Published: 9/12/2012,  Volume: 67,  Issue: 5  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.2012.01771.x  |  Cited by: 108

VINCENT GLODE, RICHARD C. GREEN, RICHARD LOWERY

We show that firms intermediating trade have incentives to overinvest in financial expertise. In our model, expertise improves firms’ ability to estimate value when trading a security. Expertise creates asymmetric information, which, under normal circumstances, works to the advantage of the expert as it deters opportunistic bargaining by counterparties. This advantage is neutralized in equilibrium, however, by offsetting investments by competitors. Moreover, when volatility rises the adverse selection created by expertise triggers breakdowns in liquidity, destroying gains to trade and thus the benefits that firms hope to gain through high levels of expertise.


THE REFUNDING DECISION IN NEAR PERFECT MARKETS

Published: 12/1974,  Volume: 29,  Issue: 5  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1974.tb03128.x  |  Cited by: 2

Richard Kolodny


BALANCE‐OF‐PAYMENTS PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES*

Published: 3/1954,  Volume: 9,  Issue: 1  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1954.tb01207.x  |  Cited by: 0

Richard Perlman


INTEREST RATES ON MONETARY ASSETS AND COMMODITY PRICE INDEX CHANGES

Published: 5/1972,  Volume: 27,  Issue: 2  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1972.tb00958.x  |  Cited by: 55

Richard Roll


MONETARY EQUILIBRIUM AND INTERNATIONAL RESERVE FLOWS IN AUSTRALIA

Published: 12/1974,  Volume: 29,  Issue: 5  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1974.tb03133.x  |  Cited by: 6

Richard Zecher


THE AMERICAN CAPITAL MARKET, 1846–1914: A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF PUBLIC POLICY ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT*

Published: 9/1970,  Volume: 25,  Issue: 4  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1970.tb00579.x  |  Cited by: 1

Richard Sylla


CORPORATE BORROWING DECISIONS AND THE EVALUATION OF INTEREST RATE FORECASTS*

Published: 9/1974,  Volume: 29,  Issue: 4  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1974.tb03113.x  |  Cited by: 0

Richard Kolodny


DEPOSIT COMPOSITION AND COMMERCIAL BANK EARNINGS*

Published: 12/1971,  Volume: 26,  Issue: 5  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1971.tb01762.x  |  Cited by: 0

Richard Bond


SOME CONSIDERATIONS ON THE INCIDENCE OF THE CORPORATION INCOME TAX (Discussion)

Published: 6/1951,  Volume: 6,  Issue: 2  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1951.tb04458.x  |  Cited by: 0

Richard Goode


A Possible Explanation of the Small Firm Effect

Published: 9/1981,  Volume: 36,  Issue: 4  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1981.tb04890.x  |  Cited by: 226

RICHARD ROLL

Recent empirical studies have found that small listed firms yield higher average returns than large firms even when their riskiness is equal. The riskiness of small firms, however, has been improperly measured. Apparently, the error is due to auto‐correlation in portfolio returns caused by infrequent trading. Other anomalous predictors of riskadjusted returns, such as price/earnings ratios and dividend yields, may also derive some of their apparent power from this spurious source.


A Nonparametric Model of Term Structure Dynamics and the Market Price of Interest Rate Risk

Published: 12/1997,  Volume: 52,  Issue: 5  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1997.tb02748.x  |  Cited by: 289

RICHARD STANTON

This article presents a technique for nonparametrically estimating continuous‐time diffusion processes that are observed at discrete intervals. We illustrate the methodology by using daily three and six month Treasury Bill data, from January 1965 to July 1995, to estimate the drift and diffusion of the short rate, and the market price of interest rate risk. While the estimated diffusion is similar to that estimated by Chan, Karolyi, Longstaff, and Sanders (1992), there is evidence of substantial nonlinearity in the drift. This is close to zero for low and medium interest rates, but mean reversion increases sharply at higher interest rates.


R2

Published: 7/1988,  Volume: 43,  Issue: 3  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1988.tb04591.x  |  Cited by: 608

RICHARD ROLL

Even with hindsight, the ability to explain stock price changes is modest. s were calculated for the returns of large stocks as explained by systematic economic influences, by the returns on other stocks in the same industry, and by public firm‐specific news events. The average adjusted is only about .35 with monthly data and .20 with daily data. There is little relation between explanatory power and either the firm's size or its industry. There is little improvement in from eliminating all dates surrounding news reports in the financial press. However, the sample kurtosis is quite different when such news events are eliminated, thereby revealing a mixture of return distributions. Non‐news dates also indicate the presence of a distributional mixture, perhaps due to traders acting on private information.


EVIDENCE ON THE “GROWTH‐OPTIMUM” MODEL

Published: 6/1973,  Volume: 28,  Issue: 3  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1973.tb01378.x  |  Cited by: 17

Richard Roll


INVESTMENT DIVERSIFICATION AND BOND MATURITY

Published: 3/1971,  Volume: 26,  Issue: 1  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1971.tb00588.x  |  Cited by: 34

Richard Roll


RETIREMENT OF NON‐CALLABLE PREFERRED STOCK

Published: 12/1970,  Volume: 25,  Issue: 5  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1970.tb00875.x  |  Cited by: 3

Richard A. Stevenson


TRADING IN WARRANTS BY MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

Published: 3/1977,  Volume: 32,  Issue: 1  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1977.tb03244.x  |  Cited by: 1

Richard J. Rogalski


DISCUSSION

Published: 5/1969,  Volume: 24,  Issue: 2  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1969.tb01686.x  |  Cited by: 1

Richard S. Bower


INTEREST RATES, CONTRACT TERMS, AND THE ALLOCATION OF MORTGAGE FUNDS*

Published: 3/1962,  Volume: 17,  Issue: 1  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1962.tb04249.x  |  Cited by: 2

Richard F. Muth


SOME VALUE‐ADDED TAX IMPACTS ON THE INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS OF PRODUCERS

Published: 9/1968,  Volume: 23,  Issue: 4  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1968.tb00848.x  |  Cited by: 0

Richard W. Lindholm


DISCUSSION

Published: 3/1950,  Volume: 5,  Issue: 1  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1950.tb00098.x  |  Cited by: 0

Richard C. Youngdahl


INITIAL AND INVESTMENT ALLOWANCES UNDER THE BRITISH INCOME TAX AND COUNTER‐CYCLICAL POLICY*

Published: 9/1962,  Volume: 17,  Issue: 3  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1962.tb04304.x  |  Cited by: 0

Richard Miller Bird


A NOTE ON THE COST OF TRADE CREDIT AND THE DISCRIMINATORY EFFECTS OF MONETARY POLICY

Published: 12/1974,  Volume: 29,  Issue: 5  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1974.tb03140.x  |  Cited by: 1

Richard H. Keehn


Report of the Editor of The Journal of Finance for the Year 2002

Published: 7/15/2003,  Volume: 58,  Issue: 4  |  DOI: 10.1111/1540-6261.00585  |  Cited by: 0


THE DYNAMICS OF CORPORATE CAPITAL BUDGETING

Published: 6/1974,  Volume: 29,  Issue: 3  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1974.tb01486.x  |  Cited by: 8

Richard R. Spies


A NOTE ON THE IMPLICATIONS OF PERIODIC “CASH FLOW”

Published: 12/1962,  Volume: 17,  Issue: 4  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1962.tb04341.x  |  Cited by: 0

M. Richard Sussman


DISCUSSION

Published: 7/1985,  Volume: 40,  Issue: 3  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1985.tb05029.x  |  Cited by: 0

RICHARD P. CASTANIAS


Yield Approximations: A Historical Perspective: A Correction

Published: 6/1983,  Volume: 38,  Issue: 3  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1983.tb02521.x  |  Cited by: 0

RICHARD P. BRIEF


DISCUSSION

Published: 5/1980,  Volume: 35,  Issue: 2  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1980.tb02167.x  |  Cited by: 0

Richard S. Bower


AN ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF COST‐OF‐CAPITAL CONCEPTS IN NATURAL‐GAS‐PIPELINE RATE REGULATION*

Published: 9/1968,  Volume: 23,  Issue: 4  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1968.tb00858.x  |  Cited by: 0

Richard A. Oppedahl


Macroinformation and the Variability of Stock Market Prices

Published: 5/1979,  Volume: 34,  Issue: 2  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1979.tb02107.x  |  Cited by: 42

RICHARD P. CASTANIAS


THE POSTWAR RISE IN THE VELOCITY OF MONEY A SECTORAL ANALYSIS*

Published: 12/1961,  Volume: 16,  Issue: 4  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1961.tb04235.x  |  Cited by: 6

Richard T. Selden


EXPECTATIONS, RISK, AND THE TERM STRUCTURE OF INTEREST RATES*

Published: 6/1970,  Volume: 25,  Issue: 3  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1970.tb00545.x  |  Cited by: 1

Richard C. Sutch


DEPOSIT COMPOSITION AND COMMERCIAL BANK EARNINGS

Published: 3/1971,  Volume: 26,  Issue: 1  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1971.tb00587.x  |  Cited by: 5

Richard E. Bond


A Note on Capital Budgeting Techniques and the Reinvestment Rate

Published: 12/1979,  Volume: 34,  Issue: 5  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1979.tb00070.x  |  Cited by: 10

RICHARD L. MEYER


A General Diversification Theorem: A Note

Published: 6/1984,  Volume: 39,  Issue: 2  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1984.tb02327.x  |  Cited by: 13

RICHARD D. MacMINN


OUTLOOK FOR U.S. TREASURY SECURITIES

Published: 5/1962,  Volume: 17,  Issue: 2  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1962.tb04273.x  |  Cited by: 0

C. Richard Youngdahl


THE IDLE CASH BALANCES OF STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS: AN ECONOMIC PROBLEM OF NATIONAL CONCERN

Published: 6/1968,  Volume: 23,  Issue: 3  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1968.tb00822.x  |  Cited by: 10

J. Richard Aronson


MARKET TESTS OF CAPITAL ADEQUACY OF LARGE COMMERCIAL BANKS

Published: 6/1976,  Volume: 31,  Issue: 3  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1976.tb01929.x  |  Cited by: 37

Richard H. Pettway


Forward Markets, Stock Markets, and the Theory of the Firm

Published: 12/1987,  Volume: 42,  Issue: 5  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1987.tb04359.x  |  Cited by: 17

RICHARD D. MacMINN

This paper models a competitive financial market economy in which there are forward markets as well as stock and bond markets. Although there are separation theorems in the stock and forward markets literatures, this analysis shows that neither separation theorem survives in this integrated financial market economy. Next, the analysis shows that the separation results hold and are equivalent if the manager has an appropriate compensation package. Then the model is modified to allow for depreciation charges and tax credits. A positive theory of hedging is developed that shows that the corporation can preserve deductions and credits by hedging and so increase corporate value.


COMMENT ON “PUTS AND CALLS: A FACTUAL SURVEY”

Published: 3/1959,  Volume: 14,  Issue: 1  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1959.tb00486.x  |  Cited by: 1

Richard J. Kruizenga


AN ANALYSIS OF CREDIT INSURANCE*

Published: 3/1957,  Volume: 12,  Issue: 1  |  DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1957.tb04118.x  |  Cited by: 0

Mark Richard Greene